Islamophobia is defined as intense dislike or fear of Islam, hostility or prejudice towards Muslims.

Islamophobia is a response to the emergence of a distinct Muslim public identity globally, resulting from the September 11 attacks.

Others have associated it with the increased presence of Muslims in the United States and in the European Union.

Anti-Muslim hostility is seen as natural

Anti-Muslim hostility is seen as normal

Anti-Muslim hostility is seen

It is seen as a monolithic bloc, static and unresponsive to change

It is seen as separate and other

It is seen to not have values in common with other culture

It is seen as inferior to the West.

It is seen as barbaric, irrational, primitive, and sexis

It is seen as violent, aggressive, threatening, supportive of terrorism, and engaged in a clash of civilizations

It is seen as a political ideology, used for political or military advantage

Anti-Muslim hostility is seen as natural

Anti-Muslim hostility is seen as normal

Anti-Muslim hostility is seen